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Hardness Test

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Hardness Test

Hardness testing is performed to measure the resistance of a material or part to scratching or plastic deformation. The high value of the test result indicates that the material is resistant to plastic deformation or cracking under pressure. It also means that it is in better condition in terms of wear properties. In short, hardness is defined as the ability of materials to resist plastic deformation.

There are many different hardness measurement methods. In practice, one of the three methods is mainly used: Brinell Hardness measurement method, Vickers Hardness measurement method and Rockwell Hardness measurement method. The first two of these methods measure the size of the track, the third is measured depth.

The Brinell hardness measurement method was introduced in 1900. The ball which is made of a certain diameter and hard material such as steel is pressed with a certain load and for a certain time to the surface of the material to be tested and the diameter of the trace that occurs on the surface of the material is measured. Brinell hardness value is obtained by dividing the applied load value by the resulting surface area.

In the Vickers hardness measurement method, a square-based diamond pyramid is used as a pricking tip. The pointed end of the pyramid is pressed against the surface of the material to be tested with a certain load and for a certain period of time. Vickers hardness value is calculated by measuring the diagonal lengths of the resulting trace. Vickers hardness value is the ratio of the load to the surface area allowed.

In the Rockwell hardness measurement method, a steel ball of a certain diameter or a conical diamond of a certain size is dipped on the material to be tested. First, a fixed small load is applied and the resulting depth is measured. Then, the starting point of the permissible dip point is taken and the load is increased to a certain extent. Then, return to the previous load and compare the track depth according to the first track.

Standards for Hardness Testing

In order to ensure reliable and healthy results of the hardness test, the procedures must be carried out in accordance with the standards. The standards used in the application of the hardness measurement tests are as follows:

  • Calibration of Brinell hardness measuring machine / device
    • TS EN ISO 6506-1 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method
    • TS EN ISO 6506-2 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of test equipment
    • TS EN ISO 6506-3 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
    • TS EN ISO 6506-4 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - part 4: Hardness value charts
  • Rockwell hardness measuring machine / device calibration
    • TS EN ISO 6508-1 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1: Test method
    • TS EN ISO 6508-2 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of test equipment and tips
    • TS EN ISO 6508-3 Metallic materials- Rockwell hardness test- Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
  • Vickers hardness measuring machine / device calibration
    • TS EN ISO 6507-1 Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 1: Test method
    • TS EN ISO 6507-2 Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of test equipment
    • TS EN ISO 6507-3 Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
    • TS EN ISO 6507-4 Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 4: Hardness value charts

 

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Hardness Test